Solution to Ignou Papers - 2652 Words

Foundation Course in Humanities and Social Sciences Tutor Marked Assignment (TMA) Course Code: BSHF-101 Assignment Code: BSHF-101/AST/TMA/2013 Total Marks: 100 A. Descriptive Category Questions (DCQ) answer any two in 500 words each: 1. Analyze the evolution of man as a tool making animal. 20 Solution: As said above answer only 2 below are the solved answer ======================================================================= 2. Does the post – Industrial society differ from the Industrial society? Explain 20 Solution: Yes the Post – Industrial society is differing from the Industrial society because of the following reason: * Limited production (i.e. artisanship vs. mass production) * Primarily an agricultural economy * Limited†¦show more content†¦This leads to the need for more universities and university-based student. In fact, the university is crucial to post-industrial society. The university produced the experts who can create, guide, and control the new and dramatically changing technologies ================================================================================= 3. Analyse the role of Gandhi in the National Movement. 20 Solution: The nationalist movement grew into a wide spread mass anti-imperialist movement at the end of the First World War. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi came into prominence at this time and became the undisputed leader of the nationalist movement. Powerful mass movements were launched under his leadership. These involved defiance of laws, peaceful demonstrations, boycott of educational institutions, boycott of courts, boycott of educational institutions, picketing of shops selling liquor and foreign goods, nonpayment of taxes and the closing of vital business. These non-violent but revolutionary methods influenced millions of people belonging to all sections of society and infused in them bravery and self-confidence. Millions now braved the repression resorted by the govt boldly courted imprisonment and faced lathicharges and firings.Gandhiji lived the simple life of an ascetic and talked to the people in a language they could understand. He came to be known to the people as Mahatma Gandhi.Show MoreRelatedGap In Prisons1034 Words   |  5 Pagesis provided to the inmates to make them adept to the society after their release. In tihar jail educational activities are taken care by NGOs and government. Study centres of the Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU), New Delhi and National Institute of Open Schooling IGNOU and NIOS set up in the jail enrolling 2640 and 1900 respectively. Computer centres are also available for impartment of computer literacy to the inmates. 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Wadia, editor of an outspoken nationalist paper. At Ahmedabad, under the inspiration and guidance of Mahatma Gandhi and Ansuyaben, spinners’ union and weavers’ unions were formed, which later on federated into the industrial union known as Ahmedabad Textile Labour Association (ATLA). This associationRead MoreProject on Employee Motivation12522 Words   |  51 Pagesachievement and advancement(Herzberg) and growth and personal development(Alderfer). A thorough understanding of the major content model contributes to the understanding of work motivation. 1.4 MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Abraham Maslow is a classic paper published in 1943, outlined the elements of an overall theory of motivation. Drawing chiefly on his clinical experience, he thought that a person’s motivational need could be arranged in a hierarchical manner. In essence he believed that once a givenRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pagesissues see www.indiaenvironmentportal.org.in/indepth/term/2542. 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Why Liberal Arts Education Matter - 1351 Words

Why Liberal Arts Education Matter? There is a phenomenon that the number of liberal arts college is declining, which means we are losing liberal arts education. Recently, more and more students focus on scores and getting a degree instead of improving themselves comprehensiveness. Many students think the college degree is more important than knowledge and skills, that’s why they ignore the study of liberal arts. Like Tony Woodcock (2015) said: â€Å"the Liberal Arts are considered an irrelevance†. However, liberal arts plays vital roles in our life, and students who didn’t accept liberal arts education may have trouble in their future development. Under the circumstances, there are questions should be considered: Is it really true†¦show more content†¦The existence of liberal arts education makes a significant contribution to the whole society. According to the â€Å"Why a Liberal Arts Education Matters†(2012), liberal arts colleges’ purp oses are to â€Å"mold students into well-rounded, well-informed global citizens with a wide skill set†. People need to be resilient in order to â€Å"invent creative solutions† and liberal arts education can help them about that. Liberal arts education help young people build exploring spirit and learn invaluable skills to make life interesting and worthwhile. The gifts liberal arts education offer students include abilities, skills, confidence, attitude, spirits and so on, which can contribute to their whole life. The development of society depends on a new generation who accepted liberal arts education. Therefore, a liberal arts education plays an important role in society, so government and people should place considerable value on it. What Abilities that Students can Get From Liberal Arts Education? A liberal arts education not only teach students general knowledge but also provide people with an invaluable set of abilities, such as leadership. Leadership includes the ability to think for yourself, the skill to communicate effectively, the capacity for lifelong learning, which is related closely to liberal arts education. Patrick Awuah (2007) states that â€Å"I wish there was a liberal arts college in every African country, I think it would make

An Adventure in Space Summary 2 Free Essays

The mission was carried out successfully and I was on my way back to earth with my friends. Suddenly, an unidentified flying object appeared and it somehow forced our spacecraft to land on another planet. On the planet, a very strange looking creature met us. We will write a custom essay sample on An Adventure in Space Summary 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now This creature took my crew and me to see its master. I saw another alien sitting on a very high throne. That must be their master. It wore a crown and looked like all the strange looking creatures in the room but its head was very much bigger. All the aliens had four eyes, two heads and six legs. They had a white body and no hair. The strange unknown planet looked like a prison, no worst †¦ a dungeon. There was a very high wall all around the planet. It had many buildings and everywhere you went, you could hear the wailing sounds coming from small cells. We were scared but they gave us some food, which smelt like rotten fish. The smell was so strong that we had to hold our breath in order not to faint. No one dared to touch the food. The next day, we were given a long list of things to do but they were in a language that we could not understand at all. They whipped us and put us in a small cell. After that, they conducted experiments on us. A few of us died but the rest of us who survived were put back into the cell. One day, the aliens who brought us to our cell forgot to lock the door so we escaped through the door. Soon we boarded our own spaceship and flew back to earth. We had a horrifying experience but no one believed us! After this, I never dared to go into space ever again. How to cite An Adventure in Space Summary 2, Papers

Review Of Ode On A Grecian Urn By John Keats Essay Example For Students

Review Of Ode On A Grecian Urn By John Keats Essay Review Of Ode On A Grecian Urn By John KeatsReview of Ode on a Grecian Urn by John KeatsThe Ode on a Grecian Urn portrays what Keats sees on the urn himself, only his view of what is going on. The urn, passed down through many centuries portrays the image that everything that is going on on the urn is frozen. In the first stanza, the speaker, standing before an ancient Grecian urn uses apostrophe when he speaks to the urn as if it is alive. The speaker describes the pictures as if they are frozen in time. It is the still unravishd bride of quietness, foster-child of silence and slow time. He speaks to the urn and not about the urn, he treats the urn like it is listening to him like a human. He also describes the urn as a historian,which can tell a story. He wonders about the figures on the side of the urn, and asks what legend they portray, and where they are from. Keats uses an oxy moron unravishd bride meaning a virgin bride, a bride who has not been taken though she is married. In the second stanza, the speaker looks at another picture on the urn, this time of a young man playing a pipe, lying with his love beneath a tree. The speaker says that the pipers unheard melodys are sweeter than to a mortals ear or melody, because they are unaffected by time. Though he can never kiss his lover because he is frozen in time, He should not grieve because her beauty will never fade. In the third stanza, he looks at the trees surrounding the lovers, and feels happy thatthey will never shed their leaves; he is happy for the piper because his songs will be for ever new, and happy that the love of the boy and the girl will last forever, unlike mortal love, which slowly turns into breathing human passion, and eventually vanishes, leaving behind only a burning forehead, and a parching tongue.In the fourth stanza, the speaker examines another picture on the urn, this one of a group of villagers leading a heifer to be sacrificed. He wonders where they are going To what green a ltar, O mysterious priest, and where they have come from. He imagines their little town, without the villagers, and tells it that its streets will for evermore be silent, for those who left it, frozen on the urn, will never return. In the last stanza, the speaker again addresses the urn itself, saying that it, likeEternity, doth tease us out of thought. He thinks that when his generation is long dead, the urn will remain, telling future generations its puzzleling story or lesson. The final two lines in the poem Beauty is truth, truth beauty that is all Ye know on earth, and all ye need to know could mean that Keats didnt really know the real truth and believed that beauty and truth was the truth to him alone, and it couldnt be argued because there is no definate truth. That is as true as anything.

Autobiographical Sketch Essays - Schuyler Family, Schuylerville

Autobiographical Sketch I was born on June 7, 1983 to two loving parents in the small town of Warrensburg, New York. I was the second of two children to be born to John and Jacqueline Farndell. In 1981 they were blessed with my brother Jason. The four of us lived in a small apartment in Warrensburg for two years. We then lifted our roots and moved to an even smaller town called Greenwich. This is where I currently live. We live in an old house that my father bought from my great-grandmother. I started school at the age of five. I attended Schuylerville Elementary School, which actually was closer to where we lived than Greenwich Elementary. At the end of my Kindergarten year my stable family life grew shaky. My Parents divorced. My brother and I stayed with my father in Greenwich and my mother moved to an apartment in Arygle just north of us. We visited her every other Sunday from 9 in the morning until 3 in the afternoon. Eventually we saw her more often. In 1989 my father met his future wife, Betty Mullen. They married in 1991. She had two sons, Norm and Chris. Norm was 18 and Chris was 16. Our house just didnt seem big enough for the six of us. My dad being an Architect drew up some plans for a complete remodel and an addition to our house. It was a slow process, but eventually with the help of all six of us the remodel was complete. Ironically, as soon as the building project was finished Norm went off to college at the State University of Albany and Chris joined the United States Army. The house now seemed empty. Soon after, my Grandmother moved in. She was a welcomed addition to the house. She lived with us for about four years, then moved in a nursing home in Argyle. There she could have 24 hour supervision. She was stricken with the terrible disease of Alzheimer. By this time I was attending Schuylerville Jr./Sr. High. I did well and had many friends. I was involved in the Yearbook committee and was an active member of the Spanish Club for four years. For two of those years I held the proud honor of being the President. I also filled my study halls at the Elementary School. I volunteered to help out in a Kindergarten Art class and a first grade class. I took any opportunity that I could get to be in the classroom. I played Basketball and Field Hockey up until the time that I had to have knee surgery. I had to give up my love for the game. Two years later I saw the inside of the emergency room again. This time it was to have my enlarged gallbladder removed. This brings me right to the middle of my Senior year at Schuylerville. I am currently interning at Skidmore College with their pre-K program. Though Schuylervilles Work Experience Program I have been able to spend my afternoon at various classrooms. I interned at Schuylerville Elementary in a Third grade class and also with a Co-K class. I look forward to completing this sector of my education and moving onto the next step, hopefully at Oneonta. Acceptance Essays

A brief overview of the beginning of WWI including trench warfare

A brief overview of the beginning of WWI including trench warfare BackgroundFollowing the assassination of Francis Ferdinand, all of the "Big 5" European countries were plunged into The Great War because of the intricate alliances set up by Otto Von Bismarck and other European political leaders. As the landscape of the war began to take shape, Germany set its Von Schlieffen Plan into motion. To eliminate the possibility of a two front war, the Von Schlieffen Plan stated that the Germany must swing through Belgium, and knock France out of the war before Russia even has a chance to mobilize. Since the early 20th century was a time of high nationalism, all countries thought that they had the technology and firepower to win the war easily; Germany was no exception. After overpowering Belgium, Germany met harsh resistance from the French. With this development came the understanding that these new technologies could be used just a well for defense as they could be for offense.Engraving of Otto von BismarckThis stalemate on the western front caused the b oth the Germans and the French to dig a vast trench system from the Swiss Frontier to the English Channel, each side hoping to gain an advantage. The trenches consisted of bunkers, communication posts, machine guns, and the trenches themselves. Millions of soldiers lived and died in the trenches. Also living with the soldiers in the trenches were large rats and lice. The conditions in the trenches were horrible due to a combination of factors including enemy fire, rotting corpses, an intense stench, and numerous diseases associated with trench life, such trench foot. This new type of trench-based warfare may have played a significant part in the war's casualties; ten to thirteen million people died and another thirty million were wounded in this war.Bull, Stephen. World War I Trench Warfare (I) 1914-16. New York: Osprey...

Coaching Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Coaching - Essay Example Cognitive coaching is the term given to these coaching strategies that offer something to every teacher. Teachers and heads of learning institutions are educated on the thinking behind their practices, and how it may benefit this practice, in the long run. This paper will examine the effect of cognitive coaching in the education sector, and how it supports teacher leadership. Impact of cognitive coaching on the current education climate Cognitive coaching, over the years, has assisted teachers in a number of ways. First, teachers are no longer self-centred and do not feel isolated (Knight, 2008). When isolated, teachers tend to act out by imposing self-rule on their learners. This is often not appreciated by the learners, and they also tend to act out as a sign of rebellion. It is often believed that teachers are in this practice for their own benefit. Lately, this belief is being pushed out the window. The introduction of several programs, for example, No Child Left Behind, proves t hat the success of students is no longer a problem for the institution or parents. It is proof that the district and the entire community are affected if students fail to attain exceptional grades in school. These ramifications offer enough incentive to the parties involved, making them work harder toward helping each other grow intellectually (Costa & Garmston, 1994). Through cognitive coaching, teachers are made aware that individuals need one another. This might come in the form of student-teacher relations, or teacher-teacher relations, or student-student relations. These relationships enable students and teachers alike, to grow in an environment that fosters understanding among all of them (Knight, 2008). This leads to the creation of a conducive surrounding for learning. All the educational reforms that are taking centre stage in the world today are addressed in cognitive coaching. In one way, there is the need to have teachers behave and relate to learners professionally. Thi s is happening as many teachers are taught how to handle learners of different ages. Cognitive coaching further increases a teacher’s intellectual capacity, which they might exhibit in their careers. It is through coaching that a teacher’s behaviour and thinking is influenced toward creating a healthier climate. This is for learning and increases self-modifying conduct in all the groups involved. This fosters superior understanding in and out of the learning environment, for both teachers and students. Cognitive coaching can extend outside the classroom or school boundaries. It can influence outside behaviours and assist in shaping personal lives. Furthermore, through cognitive coaching, teachers have a higher level of analysis (Costa & Garmston, 1994). This is encouraged through active listening and building of stronger relationships. How cognitive coaching is supporting teacher leadership Cognitive coaching is assisting in re-defining the teacher’s role. It is turning their role into something students can identify with in the learning environment. Advocating for teachers to be more of facilitators and coaches in the learning environment goes hand in hand with the growing technological age (Knight, 2008). Many institutions are increasing the use of computers to educate and increase understanding in the classroom. As students get to view their teachers as facilitators, they get more comfortable with them. It becomes easier to approach most of them with any problems they

Book review, Movie Made America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book review, Movie Made America - Essay Example A number of movie producers and directors moved to Hollywood to ensure the industry stays put. The golden age began with an end to the silent era. Diverse genres emerged that involved â€Å"western, slapstick comedy, film noir, musical, animated cartoon, biopic and newsreels†. Motion pictures flourished and the movie industry became a good business to venture. A number of marvelous cinema works emerged, because movie producers and directors developed too many movies with expectations of getting the best amongst the many. The merger between ideology and technology classified the new Hollywood that was accountable for the 1980s approach of synergy as cable companies flourished and the use of video emerged (Sklar 115). In terms of financing early filmmakers faced difficult times in ensuring film, production was of good quality and presentable. Filmmakers ended producing many movies so that they could benefit from the few that succeeded. Additionally, theatres showed movies at che aper prices so that filmmakers could get something from their work. Actors were not paid much because the industry was not doing well financially. Financial problems were also induced by the presence of censorship from the government. Censorship was established to ensure public apprehension about the quality; propriety, decency and taste of films produced were of the required standards. Religious groups and other powerful authorities also requested for censorship in motion pictures to ensure morals of the society were respected and adhered. Therefore, filmmakers were forced to ensure their film work passed through censorship so that they could get authority to sale and distribute their work (Sklar 116). Politics engulfed the film industry in 1947, citing that filmmakers were using propaganda in their films. Walt Disney and Ronald Reagan were among the first Hollywood professionals with court cases. A committee was thus established to disapprove the government interference in the ind ustry. Communism was the main subject of the court hearings and filmmakers tried to defend themselves in all manners possible. Additionally, the developed committee assisted in ensuring government interference in the film industry was limited for future purposes (Sklar 117). Changes in the movie industry in America can be tracked by checking the quality and the content contained in the early movies to date. For instance, after the Word war two filmmakers concentrated more in providing content related to war experiences and hardships. Most of the actors were involved in the war therefore; they came with new experiences and emotions after the war. Additionally, technological development can be seen through movies, from silent movies, to motion pictures to cartoons and animations to 3D pictures. Moreover, the quality of the pictures taken has changed overtime. Therefore, by only focusing on the movies from yester years one can see the history and culture of Americans clearly (Sklar 118 ). Through the movie industry, we learn that America is a versatile nation accommodating everyone through the movie industry. In addition, America as a nation likes changes, thus through the movies we can see the many changes that have taken place in people’s lives. At the beginning, pinhole cameras were used to project moving images on a screen. At the time, recording of images for later viewing was impossible. In 1830s, moving

Report of the Field Week at Wiston Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Report of the Field Week at Wiston - Coursework Example Surveys are very important while carrying out all types of construction and land planning. The various applications of surveys include the plotting of a land and marking of boundaries for planning and ownership purposes, the correct orientation of the building, the leveling of an unduly ground surface, for setting out gradient of a road or field, for marking the center line of the roads, railways and transmission lines, for setting out horizontal as well as vertical curves for various purpose etc. So surveying can be deemed of as the very first step of any type of construction work and it also defines the accuracy of the construction (Schofield and Breach, 2007). Incorrect surveys lead to various complications during the construction because the project drawings are made according to the surveys carried out. Moreover surveys are also very important in the economics of a project because the estimates of a project are based on the drawings prepared through surveying. The various differ ent branches and disciplines of science on which surveying is based include trigonometry, geometry, physics and mathematics (Ghilani and Wolf, 2008). With the technological advancements in all other fields of science, surveying has also been developed and various new surveying instruments have been developed which provide high level of accuracy in work. There are various surveying techniques which have been classified on the basis of the type of land where they can be adopted and also on the basis of the objective of survey. This report elaborates the various tasks carried out during surveying work at Wiston and also explains the use of various instruments which were used for carrying out the various tasks. The major tasks carried out at Wiston provided an idea about the basics of surveys and the use of surveying instruments like theodolite and auto level. The various techniques which were studied and practiced include traversing, which is one the very basic techniques of surveying and involves the measurement of the distances and angles between various points on a close traverse. The setting out of a curve using chords and offsets was also studied and practiced. Chapter 2: Theodolites and Levels The instruments used during the surveying included Theodolites and Levels. The functioning, use and applications of these two instruments is described in this chapter. Theodolite Theodolite is one of the most widely used instruments in land surveying because of

Why is Corporate Governance Important?

Why is Corporate Governance Important? What is Corporate Governance? Why is it important for Business? Corporate Governance can be defined as the organizational structure of a company. It encompasses the overall processes, operations and policies by which a company is controlled and functions. According to James McRitchie corporate governance is  ¹most often viewed as both the structure and the relationships which determine corporate direction and performance`. Within the governing body of a corporation there are various stakeholders. Stakeholders are individuals which are of great importance to the company because they contribute directly or indirectly to its economic activity. Stakeholders retain different degrees of importance within an organization depending on their title or function which are some of the following: shareholders, the board of directors, employees, customers, creditors and suppliers. All together this group of individuals defines a corporate community in which day to day business is conducted and must be sustained in order for the company to survive. Similar to any other community, where there are conflicts of interests, miscommunication, or other organizational problems it affects the entire community and others around it. However is this applicable to the business world? Is corporate governance important for business? Firstly corporate governance implies the notion of hierarchy. As mentioned above the rights and importance of any stakeholders involved in the economic life of the company varies in function of the roles the individual holds. Following this logic we can identify the key actors within the governing structure of a company: shareholders who own shares of stock and have a right of ownership over the dividends which they receive from their stock and the right to vote on company matters such as electing the board of directors. In return the members on the board of directors oversee the management of the company and are paid in cash or stock for the responsibilities they are obliged to fulfill by contract to the company. In terms of internal management the employees of the company supply their skill and expertise in exchange for financial compensation (salary and bonuses). Another important stakeholder is the customer, who pays for the companys product or services because he/she believes in the value it retains for them. Amongst other stakeholders such as suppliers and creditors the customer is essential to a companys activity because a satisfied customer base represents 80% of a companys profits. In order for us to understand corporate governance it is important for us to comprehend that it is a multi-lateral issue, and thus it influences the choices of stakeholders and the outcome of company transactions and relations with the rest of the world. It is important for companies to take into account external factors such as: competition. In order to stay solvent and relevant, companies must engage respective strategies and face other corporate adversaries on the free market. Equally debt management is important as companies need to make sure that their assets outweigh any short-term and long-term debts on a regular basis. Also government regulations should be taken into account as they differ from country to country. For example in the United States corporate governance is known to be very free-market orientated but in North Korea legislation has a tough hold on corporate decisions. Finally the media and other instances are actors of external pressure as they force companies to uphold a certain social standard in their day to day operations, public relations and more and more today their ecological impact on the environment. In todays economic climate no company can afford to be scrutinized in the mass media as this decreases th eir popularity and trust with clients. The trust of clients is an immeasurable asset that can almost never be reacquired once it is lost. Take for example the American International Group that was under a severe media backlash back in 2009 after it was discovered that it was paying huge bonuses to employees of its financial services department during the financial crisis. President Obama expressed his discontentment during a press conference:  ²its hard to understand how derivative traders at A.I.G. warranted any bonuses, much less $165 million in extra pay. How do they justify this outrage to the taxpayers who are keeping the company afloat? Existing customers and potential customers need to be reassured by a companys, performance history, social responsibility initiatives but overall its integrity. And this is why corporate governance is critical for business; the atmosphere which it creates has to be one of congruence where it can be held accountable for doing what it says and what it stands for. Another one of the facets of this is issue the internal domain of corporate governance, where the management structure (CEO, middle management) is concerned with maximizing company profits in order to increase shareholders profits. This is motivated by a prospect of self-interest and higher gain (promotion, bonus etc†¦) which generates a need to perform in order to reach that goal. Likewise employees are motivated in a similar way to do their job. However their needs are not directly correlated with that of the members of the upper management structure who have larger responsibilities and more information within the same organization. This situation is called information asymmetry when one corporate body has more information than another. This can create conflict within the workplace if this type of imbalance is not managed. Furthermore employees working in high profile positions such as CEOs may be prone to act out of character and make bad decisions because of the immunity the y may enjoy through their status. For example the Jerome Kerviel former French trader of Societe Generale abused of the companys confidence to commit fraudulent transactions during his late professional career. As a result, the company lost:  ³near â‚ ¬5 billion ( £3.7 billion) in a rogue trading fraud according to the London Times. This example of bad behavior known as a moral hazard, when an individual protected from risk within an organization behaves differently than he or she would have behaved if they were fully exposed to the risks they took. In order for companies to protect their clients and themselves from similar fates they must implement effective rules and regulations that enable internal and external auditing bodies to monitor theyre day to day activities. Therefore rules that corporate governance create must be strong, as the Italian philosopher Niccolo Machiavelli said: Where there are sound laws there is a strong army, for there cannot be a strong army where there are not sound laws. Corporate law ensures that natural rules and regulations are in place in order to encourage correct business practices in the corporate world. Overall good corporate governance should input regular auditing processes. Interiorly, within the company itself an internal auditing body should monitor the companys financial health. In addition to this, the same should be implemented exteriorly through an external auditing company in order to get an objective perspective on company statements and verify their integrity. Also a sound board and management system must be put in place, separating every main executive function throughout the organization. Historically this minimizes the moral hazard factor in the workspace and encourages transparency and a clear flow of information within the institution. The Toyota Motor Company is a fine example of this; the company management structure allows the free flow of information and enables each employee to contribute to operational activities at every scale of the production process. This has had positive effects for Toyota mainly in terms of productivity and logistics efficiency. Finally all stakeholders should be aware of their rights and duties; this minimizes confusion in long-term strategy and goals of the company. Furthermore a clear ownership structure is critical to a corporations legal validity; it has to be a registered and recognized institution according to the appropriate corporate law regulation of the country in which in conducts its business. In conclusion corporate governance is an important component of business. As we have demonstrated affects every facet of business organizations and the various stakeholders involved. Furthermore because of the hierarchal nature of corporate governance it becomes evident that good leadership is equally essential. Members within executive, managerial, technical and administrative positions have to work within their respective roles to create an atmosphere of seamless affinity in terms of corporate governance. Leadership is important but in the context of corporate governance the whole body of the organization is vital, hence the root of the word corp in corporate. Nevertheless corporate governance must retain a standard of order; this is where the term governance gains more weight. Historical facts show that sustained order is the key to the long-term effectiveness of an organization; General Electric is prime case of this. Within the 200 year life span of the company, good choices and exceptional leadership have made General Electric today the most valuable company in the United States with a market cap of 300 billion US dollars. From this we can draw the conclusion that corporate governance is indeed important and will surely continue to gain more and more value in the world of business in the future.

Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay -- Kate Chopin Awakening Essays

Kate Chopin's The Awakening Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening expresses the difficulty of finding a woman’s place in society. Edna learns of new ideas such as freedom and independence while vacationing in Grand Isle. Faced with a choice to conform to society’s expectations or to obey personal desires for independence, Edna Pontellier realizes that either option will result in dissatisfaction. Thus, Edna’s awakening in Grand Isle leads to her suicide. Edna’s awakening occurs during her family’s vacation in Grand Isle. It is here that she learns to freely express herself and be unreserved in her behavior and speech. Through the Creole women, Edna becomes free from the chains that bind her to societal expectations. Adele initiates Edna’s arousing as does the local flirtatious man, Robert Lebrun. It is at Grand Isle that Edna feels most alive: engaging in idle talk, flirting unabashedly, receiving loving attention from a man, paints, learning to swim, an awareness of independence, and becoming conscious of her sexuality. Through the contrast of her experiences (depression when at home and joy when playing at sea), Edna recognizes an awakening, or a change, within her self. She discovers a part of herself separate from her husband, children, and previous life. This discovery fuels her incendiary rejection of her domestic responsibilities when she returns to her home in New Orleans. This ignites the passiona te fire of her heart, causing her to shake previous responsibilities, open a house independent of her husband to quench her sexual desires, and liberate herself from domestic restraints. Conclusively, Edna’s vivification causes her to feel responsible for only her passions and urges, neglecting remaining responsibilit... ...nt for personal independence. It is only through the futile attempts to investigate which option (convention or passion) is best that Edna realizes there is no appropriate choice to be made. Edna recognizes, through her awakening, the existence of two entirely unlike female models of society. Neither of the models fit her, and thus, she stands in societal purgatory waiting, in vain, for some sort of epiphany as to which model is best for her. She cannot fully connect with either female model, nor can she remove connections that bind her to each. She is unwilling to compromise. Through her stubborn frigidity, Edna chooses a non-choice, to surrender to the author of her awakening: the sea. From the sea, Edna learns of her independence. Into the sea, Edna surrenders society’s undesired requirement of action. The sea becomes both the giver of life and provider of death. Kate Chopin's The Awakening Essay -- Kate Chopin Awakening Essays Kate Chopin's The Awakening Kate Chopin’s novel The Awakening expresses the difficulty of finding a woman’s place in society. Edna learns of new ideas such as freedom and independence while vacationing in Grand Isle. Faced with a choice to conform to society’s expectations or to obey personal desires for independence, Edna Pontellier realizes that either option will result in dissatisfaction. Thus, Edna’s awakening in Grand Isle leads to her suicide. Edna’s awakening occurs during her family’s vacation in Grand Isle. It is here that she learns to freely express herself and be unreserved in her behavior and speech. Through the Creole women, Edna becomes free from the chains that bind her to societal expectations. Adele initiates Edna’s arousing as does the local flirtatious man, Robert Lebrun. It is at Grand Isle that Edna feels most alive: engaging in idle talk, flirting unabashedly, receiving loving attention from a man, paints, learning to swim, an awareness of independence, and becoming conscious of her sexuality. Through the contrast of her experiences (depression when at home and joy when playing at sea), Edna recognizes an awakening, or a change, within her self. She discovers a part of herself separate from her husband, children, and previous life. This discovery fuels her incendiary rejection of her domestic responsibilities when she returns to her home in New Orleans. This ignites the passiona te fire of her heart, causing her to shake previous responsibilities, open a house independent of her husband to quench her sexual desires, and liberate herself from domestic restraints. Conclusively, Edna’s vivification causes her to feel responsible for only her passions and urges, neglecting remaining responsibilit... ...nt for personal independence. It is only through the futile attempts to investigate which option (convention or passion) is best that Edna realizes there is no appropriate choice to be made. Edna recognizes, through her awakening, the existence of two entirely unlike female models of society. Neither of the models fit her, and thus, she stands in societal purgatory waiting, in vain, for some sort of epiphany as to which model is best for her. She cannot fully connect with either female model, nor can she remove connections that bind her to each. She is unwilling to compromise. Through her stubborn frigidity, Edna chooses a non-choice, to surrender to the author of her awakening: the sea. From the sea, Edna learns of her independence. Into the sea, Edna surrenders society’s undesired requirement of action. The sea becomes both the giver of life and provider of death.

Equity law in New South Wales Essay

The Legal system in Australia follows the laws that were placed by the British as they fused most of their cultures and traditions on the people when they colonized the aboriginals. Since in England the laws of equity were mostly used together with the common law, then it was certain that they would use the same equity rules in NSW. Enacting these laws on a new country and state was not easy as the people were opposed to the idea of following English law. They viewed this as an unfair practice as they were governing their land and every aspect of their lives and on top of it they were going to impose their judicial systems. With time, they were overpowered by the British but with time; they saw sense in the laws that were being passed. The laws of England were thus enacted to be used in the judicial systems across Australia and this included New South Wales. Equity was one of the laws that were used in England to supplement the common laws that governed the land. Equity is as much important in New South Wales as it still is in England because it has helped in shaping the judicial system. The first courts in New South Wales (NSW) were adaptive to the needs of the society and were more so military in character. There was no formal process of proceedings and the powers of the governor were restricted. As time elapsed, the Supreme Court came to being to solve criminal and civil cases just as the way the King’s Bench operated in England. The equity law was going to bring about order in a system that was not fair to some people and they were simply going to add positive laws that would ensure that NSW laws were stronger, more practicable and could give varied solutions to the various problems in place. Equity law in most Australian states was administered since early times by the Supreme Court. Most states followed the judicature system where the both the common and equitable lawsuits were heard in the same court. New South Wales started incorporating the equity law in to its legal system in 1972 where specialists’ practitioners who mastered the law oversaw the proceedings which are still followed till today. This has increased the popularity of the equity law which has enabled the development and enhancements of the common law doctrines. Equity law is made on the fundamental principle of enhancing equitable in legal issues . The study of the equity law principles as used in England has really helped in the restructuring law procedures and making them simpler for the law enforcers as well as the parties involved to understand. One of the areas that the equity law has improved on in NSW is the contract law. The contract law has its foundations on the English common law practices with a few modifications in specific areas. The contract laws as used in the state are also made upon the various bids that have been passed in the Australian parliament. Equity has helped in the formation of contract law and the procedures that need to be followed when a particular party breaches the contract. The laws formed are what are mostly used to govern trade transactions local, regional and international and employment contracts under the labour laws. In solving contact cases, the NSW courts, they usually look at how several cases were or are still handled in England courts such as in their court of appeals, Kings Bench, House of Lords UK and Courts of Common Pleas UK among other courts so that they can apply the same principles. Most of New South Wales acts had provisions to give relief against some contract obligations and sometimes to reform the contracts. That is why over the century there have been contractual reforms to give freedom to the contract theory that sometimes would dent interference in other forms of laws. Equity therefore has played a major part in unjust enrichment and restitution of the law. Property laws also follow equitable principles in New South Wales. This is taken from how in England there was a need for people were supposed to be returned to the original positions they were in before damage or loss of property took place. Equity therefore, offers practicable terms of solving lawsuit cases. For example, when a person takes someone’s property and they do not return it. The owner filing the case would like to have it back instead of just being compensated in monetary terms. This is in contract to the common law system which will only make sure that the plaintiff is paid in replace for the property. Therefore, equity is not achieved in this case. This is applicable in the way property laws have been developed in NSW where in 1987 the Residential tenancies Act was placed giving certain rights to the owners of land or property and their tenants. This was in the form of an agreement that made sure that the tenants were not charged high rents and landlords gained from the rent they received. An Act for combining certain laws relating to land title deeds and assignments was enacted in 1898 in NSW. The Real Property Act was an improvement of the 1898 laws that made legal provisions for the transfer of land and their titles. In 1919, the Conveyancing act was made to combine the property laws and enhance conveyancing and other acts that influenced it. In 1994, the Retail Leases Act was used to add onto the property laws so as to create formal laws that aided leasing of retail shops while stating the rights of the lessors and lessees. Equity was established in the corporations’ law and was used in England to govern and address the various problems that business entities faced. Some of the underlying principles that were used are seen in the way corporation cases are solved in the NSW; for instance, in the termination of business practices like partnerships and mergers and the amount of compensation that either party is supposed to receive. Nowadays, the equity law in New South Wales is enforced under the Law Reform (Law and Equity) Act of 1972. It is here that the rules of equity and also the law are listed and in case there are conflicts, just as before, the equity rules prevail. This act is continually amended by the State governor as need arises. The laws of England are therefore necessary in New South Wales because it is essentially an English state. The Supreme Court in NSW which is the highest level of court in the state handles both civil and criminal cases and follows the equity law. In mid 19th century, the colonialists in this case the British used a lot of the equity law in passing judgments and they even went further to pass the Colonial Legislature Act and the Justice Act which led to the establishment of the Equity law system. In NSW, the equity law is all about fairness. The equity principles are still being used in amending some of the constitutional laws that apply to the rest of the country and are also applicable to the state. The equity law system is important in NSW as it gives the judge the power to make valid decisions and pass sentences based on evidence as well as use morally agreed practices that will ensure that the plaintiff and defendant have been given an equal opportunity to defend themselves. One area that equity law is been use in is in the recovery of debts which are mainly faced by in national and also international trade transactions. Here, it states what actions are taken for people w ho breach contracts, the rights to own property as well as problems that face various business organizations like partnerships, corporations and trusts. From seeing how the equity law has helped in the administration of justice, we see that there is more to just learning the rules that are used in equity law but there is also a need to understand the history because the laws are developed as time, events and the context in which they are applied change. It is important to study the history of the law though found in a foreign country as it enables legal practitioners and law students to understand its formation and why equality is such a common area of discussion. Moreover, reading about the history as it is applicable in England enables NSW legal makers to know how similar cases can be solved in the state and even define new ways of solving legal issues thus strengthening the equity law. Conclusion Equity in New South Wales has changed in time and distance but this system of law has borrowed a lot from legal practices that are used in England. As the State becomes politically independent, it has developed its own laws that are used to decide over cases but they still take into consideration the common law practices and equity principles. These laws have enabled proper governance and the administration of justice as the equity laws have enabled individuals to defend their rights, own property, enter into proper formal transactions and continually amend the laws for the good off all New South Welsers. Equity law in NSW is therefore backed by a strong history and revolution that makes it practicable in law thus enhancing the perfection of modern equity. References Abel, R. L. & Lewis P. C Lawyers in Society: The Common Law World, Beard Books, 1988 p. 265 Comyns, J. , Hammond, A. & Day T. A Digest of the Laws of England, 5th Ed. Collins & Hannay, 1826 p. 405 Cope, M. & Queensland University of Technology. Equity: issues and trends: the importance and pervasiveness of equitable doctrines and principles in modern private, commercial, and public law. Federation Press, 1995 p. 156 Gilbert, G. & Great Britain Court of King’s Bench. Cases in Law and Equity: Argued, Debated and Adjudged in the King’s Bench and Chancery, in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Years of Queen Anne. Catherine Lintot, 1760 p. 27, 53 Great Britain Courts & Leach T. Modern reports; or, Select cases adjudged in the courts of King’s bench, Chancery, Common pleas, and Exchequer †¦ : 1663-1755, 5th Ed. G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1796 Hale, M. & Gray C. M. The history of the common law of England, 3rd Ed. University of Chicago Press, 1971 Kercher B. Debt, seduction and other disasters: the birth of civil law in convict New South Wales Federation Press, 1996 Navado lawyers and solicitors: Strategic solutions, dynamic people. http://www. navado. com. au/Practice-Areas/Equity-Law-Trusts-Law/ Retrieved on April 6, 2009 Neal D. The Rule of Law in a Penal Colony: Law and Politics in Early New South Wales Cambridge University Press, 2002 p. 75

Abortion Essays (322 words) - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays

Abortion Essays (322 words) - Abortion, Fertility, Free Essays Abortion Many have pondered upon the meaning of abortion. The argument being that every child that is born should be wanted and others who believe that every child that is conceived should be born. The choice of a woman whether or not she wants to conceive a child is called abortion. Abortion preserves a womans constitutional right, relieves the undesired child of future distress, and establishes a peaceful society. Abortion preserves a womans constitutional right. The fourteenth Amendment, personal liberty, gives women the choice of abortion. The unborn child should be the property of the mother. Women should have the ability to choose when to have a child. Taking away this right would be invading a womans constitutional liberty. Abortion relieves the undesired child of future distress. In most cases, the unwanted child is malnourished, has no medical care, and gets little attention or love. This is caused from the mother being very young, inexperienced, or too poor to take care of the child. In addition, the foster care system is inadequate in providing attention, education, and discipline. The child would grow up with improper tools to live in society. Abortion establishes a peaceful society. Due to the child being raised with improper tools, the child would grow to become an unproductive menace to society. These individuals become violent, and lack morality due to the small amount of care they themselves received. Many get involved in drugs and crime. In the end, not only does the child suffer, but also society has to tolerate his violent behavior and crimes. Abortion should remain legalized. If abortion were prohibited, many women would perform illegal abortions. This may do serious harm to the mother and her body. In addition, pregnancy and childbirth can prevent women from getting an education. With the right to choose abortion, women are able to enjoy, like men, the rights to fully use the powers of their minds and bodies. Bibliography none

Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Essay Example

Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Essay Example Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Essay Value Chain as Competitive Advantage Essay Effective value concatenation as a competitory advantage can lend significantly to the prosperity of a house in the competitory sphere. but it can do desperate state of affairss if non operated decently ( Guy. 2011 ) . However. there are struggles among companies as to how stakeholders think they gain competitory advantage. Porter ( 1996 ) suggests: A company can surpass challengers merely if it can set up a difference that it can continue. It must present greater value to clients or make comparable value at lower cost or make both. The arithmetic of superior profitableness so follows: delivering greater value allows a company to bear down higher mean unit monetary values ; greater efficiency consequences in lower norm costs ( Walters A ; Rainbird. 2007. p. 25 ) . Walters A ; Rainbird ( 2007 ) states that an effectual value making scheme takes an organisation beyond its ain boundaries. An organisation has an advantage over other suppliers of the same goods or a service in a consumer market unless it has a monopoly or is the first to make the market. Review of Concepts Value concatenation helps companies assess their competitory advantage through internal cost analysis. internal distinction analysis. and perpendicular linkage analysis. Competitive advantage is about detecting what clients want and productively fulfilling those demands and transcending their outlooks. Customer delectation is a rule that drives repetition buying and client trueness. It is about making a WOW feeling and it can be the difference between success or failure. Two standards must be met for a company to last and thrive in the industry: the company must provide what the clients want to purchase and they must last the competition. Value Chain A value concatenation describes the full scope of activities that companies and workers do to convey the merchandise from its construct to its terminal usage and beyond. These activities are design. production. selling. distribution and support to the concluding consumer. The value concatenation analysis can bring forth goods and services that can be contained within a individual geographical location or a broad country ( Global Value Chains. 2006 ) . Michael Porter ( 1985 ) described value concatenation as the internal procedures or activities that a company performs to design. market. deliver. green goods. and back up its product . He even when a measure further and stated a firm’s value concatenation and the manner it performs single activities are a contemplation if its history. its scheme. and the implicit in economic sciences of the activities themselves . Companies use the value concatenation attack to understand which distribution channels. monetary value points. sections. merchandise distinction. and selling propositions to give them the greatest advantage of competition. Competitive Advantage A competitory advantage is when the company sustains net incomes that exceed the norm for its industry. Competitive advantage is assess by utilizing the undermentioned value concatenation analysis of internal cost analysis to find the beginnings of profitableness ; internal distinction analysis to understand the beginnings of distinction ; and perpendicular linkage analysis to understand the relationships and associated costs among external providers and clients. The advantage exists when the house is able to present the same benefits as rivals but at a lower cost. or present benefits that exceed those of viing merchandises. A competitory advantage allows the company to make superior value for its clients and superior net incomes for itself ( QuickMBA. 2010 ) . QuickMBA ( 2010 ) states that a competitory advantage is created by utilizing resources and capablenesss to accomplish a lower cost construction or a differentiated merchandise and this determination is a cardinal constituent of the company’s scheme for competition. In order to accomplish this advantage. the company must execute one or more value making activities that will make more overall value than the rivals. A company’s success in developing and prolonging its competitory advantage does non depend on its ain value concatenation but on its ability to pull off the value system on which it is a portion. An illustration would be an car maker that may hold its providers set up installations in close propinquity in order to minimise conveyance costs and cut down parts stock lists. Customer Delight Steve Denning ( 2011 ) . provinces that client delectation is the firm’s new underside line and pleasing the client from beginnings to results. By concentrating on pleasing the client the house makes a batch more money than they would if they set out to do money. Pleasing the clients make a batch of money. Customer delight = supplying a uninterrupted watercourse of extra value to clients and presenting it sooner. It is mensurable and means a different manner of running the company. Delighted clients are those where the demands are anticipated. solutions are provided to them before they ask and observations are made to find if new and/or extra outlooks are ready to be required. Pleasing the clients maintain them coming back for more and causes new clients to come. Customer delight distinguishes a company from the remainder. allows the company to do more return on its investing. and allows the employees to be rewarded ( Customer Delight ) . Inters of Successful Companies FedEx structurally redefined express cargo service by geting its ain planes and implementing a hub and radius system. This was done after they reconfigured its value concatenation. Customer demands are increasing in measure with quickly germinating engineering and they want their engineering spouse to do it simple. This is why Dell changed its attack to client systems and decided to review its intent to present engineering solutions that enables people everyplace to turn and boom ( Raghava Rau. et Al ) . Wals of Unsuccessful Companies Conclusion The value concatenation activities are non isolated from one another but one value concatenation activities affects the cost or public presentation of other 1s. Value concatenation is a necessary constituent for competitory advantage and usage delectation. They each are inter-related with the success of the others. A company’s success in developing and prolonging its competitory advantage does non depend on its ain value concatenation but on its ability to pull off the value system on which it is a portion. In order for companies to last and thrive in its industry. they must provide what the clients want to purchase and they must last the competition.

Equal opportunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Equal opportunity - Essay Example Parents who adopt such professions that allow them to spend more time with their children are better able to take care of their children’s education as compared to the parents that leave it up to the tutors to guide the children through everything. Parental involvement in school enhances a child’s self esteem and he/she is able to achieve more (Klepfer, n.d.). Not just that, educated parents can also improve the mannerism of their children because â€Å"the children will mimic the parents’ attitude and behavior despite whatever they learn in school† (DHRRA, 2009). Likewise, people who earn more are able to educate their children in better schools. Good education is often quite expensive. Schools that charge the parents lesser for the child’s education compromise upon the quality of education. Hence, highly earning parents can provide their children with education in better schools. Owing to the difference of socioeconomic status of parents, all chil dren do not have equal opportunities of achievement in the school. References: DHRRA. (2009). Parents’ Role in Children’s Education. Retrieved from http://www.dhrramalaysia.org.my/dhrramalaysia/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=100:parents-role-in-childrens-education&catid=36:child-programmes&Itemid=64. Klepfer, J. (n.d.).

Interpersonal Conflict in Film Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Interpersonal Conflict in Film - Movie Review Example It is understandable that the couple has been through a traumatic experience beforehand and that it is natural that they would be fearful but not in such a reaction. The wife started verbally expressing her stereotyped impressions of colored people and brings her to suspect even her own housekeeper. Because of the fear that Jean created in her mind about other races, she started blaming herself and venting her anger on other people and her husband. She let her steam off in the presence of other people and demanded her husband to consider more seriously the danger that they are in. The husband was wise enough to be calm in contrast to her wife however he also showed some irritation towards his wife’s attitude. Though he suggested that her wife would better go to bed, it would have been empathizing for him to have seen her to their room with assuring words that not all colored people as not all white Americans are as good as they

Consumer Behavior - Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Consumer Behavior - Marketing - Assignment Example They were chosen as my subjects since they bought a high-involvement product which is a laptop . It is considered a high-involvement product since it is quite expensive and would be used for a long period. At the beginning, it was quite hard to look for these two subjects since many people buy different types of high-involvement products. Fortunately, some friends helped me out in finding two subjects who bought different brands of laptop some months ago. The profile of the subjects vary greatly, nevertheless, they are typical consumers since they go through a lot of painful decision-making before buying a product. Also, they needed advice from friends or colleague before making a decision of their own. Consumer A is a technogeek, someone whose main source of living is developing operating systems in an IT company. He is a very busy person living a high-profile life in the city. However, he is the father of a friend that is why he agreed to be my subject. The other subject is a stude nt in a university, a social science major heavily involved with research. I think their background would somehow be significant in their decision process in acquiring a laptop. In order to a have a logical presentation of the process they went through, I decided to tabulate the result in a table. Technogeek’s old laptop broke down and needed many upgrades to cope up with is demands being an incessant programmer. His need for a laptop is like his need for oxygen. He immediately bought a laptop three days after his old laptop broke down. His need is mainly triggered by his job. This consumer felt that there were too many demands from her research subjects. Although she has a desktop in her dorm, she needs a laptop to access the wi-fi environment on her campus. She also hangs out late night at some coffee shop writing her papers. Her need is triggered by mobility and access to information anytime she wants

Reliance Industries Limited and CSR activities Essay Example for Free

Reliance Industries Limited and CSR activities Essay EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: Flagrantly, nowadays CSR approach has been immensely exploited by the organizations and non-governmental organizations in a negative manner since the global markets are becoming competitive. The term corporate social responsibility has become a trend of symbols to explicit the company’s corporation as being socially responsible, however intrinsic intention has been self-regulation and private interest of the company. Hence, the reliance industry limited has taken the corporate social responsibility as their mainstream of profit maximization in terms of being socially responsible to educational, environmental, health care, and agricultural perspectives. Introduction The aim of this report is to apply sufficient knowledge’s for the importance of (CSR) and its contribution to strategic corporations, critically review the (CSR) functions of businesses as well as delivering efficient  information regarding the (CSR) activities of Reliance Industries Ltd. To demonstrate the above objectives it is essential to explain what is meant by CSR? What are the objectives of CSR? And furthermore brief description of Reliance Industries Ltd profile. In recent years, there has been greater attention to the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility. The term is described as the businesses responsibility towards their stakeholders’ legal, ethical, social and environmental expectations. Different scholars have defined (CSR) in various ways. First effort for defining (CSR) was made by Bowie (1953) who was observed as the father of academic debate for Corporate Social Responsibility (Carroll 1979, p.479). Bowie stated, that it is the businesses oblig ation to manage business process for the betterment of a society and enhancement of its value. Moreover, World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD) illustrated CSR as the commitment of business while behaving ethically and cooperating to the economic development by strengthening the quality life of workforce, families and local communities. Furthermore, Davis and Blomstorm elaborate the term CSR as an activity in order to improve the quality life of a society as well as developing the status of the organization by expanding its interest. However, Carroll defined (CSR) â€Å"Social responsibility of business encompasses the economic, legal, ethical and discretionary expectations that society has of organizations at a given point in time† (Carroll, 1979, p.500). Relatively, Carroll illustrated the pyramid of CSR by differentiating the four concept of social responsibility: economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic obligations. To sum up CSR can be defined, managing the business processes with being responsiveness to the economic, legal, ethical and environmental expectations of stakeholders so that to produce a positive impact to the society. Consequently, as far as the report do concerns to the CSR activities of Reliance Industries Ltd, it is important to take a look after the mentioned company’s profile. The largest private sector of India, The Reliance Group founded by Dhirubhai H. Ambani (1932-2002) with operating in energy and material businesses value chain. The flagship company, Reliance Industries Ltd, owes an excess of Group annual revenues of US $ 66 billion and is apart of Fortune Global 500 Company. Starting with textiles in late seventies, Reliance expanded their business by pursuing the backward vertical integration strategy while  producing fiber intermediates, plastics, polyester, petrochemical as well as petroleum refining and oil and gas exploration and production. Reliance company proud itself for being the largest polyester yarn and fiber producer among the top five producers in the world. IMPORTANCE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBLITIES: Conduction of Corporate Social Responsibility strategy has became vital trend for the companies in a current highly competitive global market. Inherently, the CSR strategy has remained the pillar of the sustainability of a business as far as the consumers and markets taste and preference changes are concerned. Moreover, the CSR-Asia has described CSR as the business operations incorporation in environmental and social perspectives with the interaction of their stakeholders. Hence, CSR approach owe following features: Firstly, it observes for the increasing of the shareholders profit in order to preserve the long-term viability of the business. Secondly, environmental and social improvisation has been the core objective of the CSR approach. Thirdly, the CSR concept is not a crowding out effect for the business, but it is about the way that business is operated. In this sequence, CSR concept is concerned with the long-term sustainability of the business while maximizing the shareholders interest and plays an active role in the development of community (http://www.scribd.com/doc/3934672/Importance-of-CSR-to-Business). CRITICAL REVIEW OF (CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY: Inherently, above discourse explicit that mainstream of CSR does concerns with social, legal, and economical expectations of stakeholders. Therefore, CSR is flagrantly accountable for capitalist apparatus that business solely considers their own private benefits of raising their shareholders profit. For instance, on the one hand, Coca Cola company do informs African nations of HIV in order to vest a vast reputation to its company, qua profit is considered as core objective of business. On the other hand, it is a shame that they do not implement a program for telling the world regarding tooth decay as such program would affect their brand name reputation. Subsequently, in a survey of 1100 chief executives, 62% of those chief executives have underpinned the CSR concept as vital for profitability. Relatively, CSR has a risk of compelling chief executives to be sociopolitical players. As the government shrinks and loses its power, the business chief executives remains with huge power in which the businesses might acquit the power for their self-regulation profitability of the business. Companies, such as, Glencore company, whose enjoying an immense portion of political power in some Africa’s nation, is conducting the child labor extra-legal function for the purpose of cost reduction. Relatively, CSR has been criticized by excluding the local communities from policy-making decisions while working on Corporate Social Responsibility strategy. Moreover, many contradictions exists in CSR approach, such as lack of financial incentives, lack of legal literacy, etc. those disincentives the poorer group to use laws for their protection of their civil rights. CSR is also criticized in some arenas as the source of gaining access to the market while using it as a factor of price. Furthermore, some industries conducts the CSR program for not considering the government’s strong laws and regulations, as far as their CSR project implementation are concerned with profit maximization. Therefore, mentioned CSR project implementation may lead the NGO’S for protesting and boycotting in which firms may endure a huge expenditure on such projects. However, CSR approach compels companies who cannot cover their costs, to impose high prices to the society while catering their products with high prices. In a sequence, critiques have been arisen against CSR policy of companies for its none existence of accountability and corporate accountability, where lack of transparency, a sophisticated analysis of the political economic dimensions of corporate power and immense inequities of power exists (Ray Broomhill, corporate social responsibility: key issues and debates, 2007). To sum up, according to Rhys Jenkins (2005) the UK political economist, many CSR projects of high profiled companies has ample the scope of tax avoidance, transfer pricing and the misusing of market power which contradicts to the legitimacy of CSR. Relatively, some reforms of corporate policies has been exploited by the act of CSR in which consequently brought vast disparities to the society such as destructing the labor conditions associated with outsourcing and labor market liberalization, increases in the level of pollution, and the promotion of macro economic policies through the acquitting of corporate lobbying which has a negative impact on society and  environment (Ray Broomhill, corporate social responsibility: key issues and debates, 2007). RELIANCE INDUTRIES LIMITED CSR ACTIVITIES: Reliance industries have performed major social responsibilities towards the betterment of the community. The company has valuable contribution in terms of health, education, environment, corporation in natural disasters, and infrastructure development. Following are vast disclosure regarding CSR activities of Reliance Industries Limited: 1. Education: Reliance Industries has constructed nine schools with improving the 13,251 students education level across the India. Furthermore, the company conducts â€Å"the Kanya Kelvani† program, which plays a vital role to the contribution of supporting Indian Governments projects towards education of girls across all over the India. Relatively, RIL’s are implementing (Jagurti Project) for those students who are suffering mentally from social and economical backwards and support them to obstacle with dyslexia. Under the Jagurti Project, 35 trainees are spending 8800 hours in order to arise the tolerance of underprivileged children to tackle with dyslexia. Consequently, the company owes partnership with UNESCO and BBC for the awareness of dyslexia to the other villages’ students. (http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/social_resp_comm_dev.html). 2. Community Health Care: Reliance Industries has brought pivotal improvisation to the Community Medical Centers for providing ample health care services to the neighboring villages. For instance, the Reliance Company is acquitting Drishti project, which is cooperated with the Association of Blind and made contribution to 9000 free corneal grafted surgeries for those blinded folks who are suffering from being underprivileged. Moreover, one of the manufacturing divisions of Reliance Company (Hazira Manufacturing divisions) has commenced an Anti-Retroviral Treatment Center in the country and specifically for the cleaners and drivers of all product transport vehicles. The program mainstream is for HIV / AIDS awareness. (http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/social_resp_comm_dev.html). 3. Environment Initiatives for the Community: The Reliance Industry initiated a zero garbage campaign to develop the disposal of solid wastage concept in its surroundings and residential area. The aim of the campaign is to provide a cleanliness drive in order to sustain a disease-free environment for its employee’s residual sites. The industry is acquitting a social and economical security program for woman rag pickers with assistance of an NGO. The core objective of the project is to reduce the plastic litter for preserving its commitments of being responsible care. Relatively, the company has stretched a 900-meter road through the usage of 5% plastic waste in order to deduct the construction cost and as well as to improve the roads construction quality and life. (http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/social_resp_comm_dev.html). 4. RELIANCE RURAL DEVELOPMENT TRUST: Reliance Rural Development Trust (RRDT) has initiated a rural infrastructure development program by undertaking 797 projects in 760 villages of 24 different zone of GUJARAT states. The project is consisted of 58 Concrete Cement Roads, 61 underground, and 06 Check Dams. Subsequently, all the check dams are constructed with accordance to the 8.7 mcft water storage capacity and 1065 Hectors of the land would have access to the Check Dams water. (http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/social_resp_comm_dev.html). 5. Livelihood Support Program: Reliance Industry has undertaken the self-help group (SHG) program for women and youth generation of the surrounding villages in order to enhance their quality life while being â€Å"self sustaining† to support to their families. The program has facilitated the women by providing various courses such as dress making and designing, beauty culture, health care, nursing and hospital attendant. However, the program implement pumping and hand pump repairing, mobile repairing, computer hardware repairing, vehicle motor driving, and etc. courses. (http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/social_resp_comm_dev.html). 6. Improving Quality of Agriculture Produce: Reliance Industry Limited has also participated in assistance of farming in terms of advanced technologies, storage, handling and distribution of products. For instance, the company vested Leno bags, which are made out of polypropylene and such bags are effective for reducing the handling losses of fruits and vegetables. Explicitly the company enforced the formers for the usage of advanced techniques (plastic) as it increases the productivity, contributes to the reduction of losses and in enhancement of earnings and distributed promotional materials (http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/social_resp_comm_dev.html). RELIANCE INDUSTRIES CSR CONTRIBUTION TO ITS STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT): In a current competitive global environment, corporations does exist vastly where social responsibilities are concerned (Halme, Roome, Dobers, 2009). Therefore, to make more flagrant the contribution of corporate social responsibility with corporate strategy, it is essential to explicit what is corporate or strategic management? And what is mean by social responsibility? Essentially, strategic managements core objective is to accomplish goals through standard decision-making that concerns with determining objectives, policies and plans (Andrew, 1987). According to Andrews (1987), strategies main observations are regarding the implementation of companies and businesses goals, their economic and non-economic corporations and nature, and the relationship between the stakeholders, he furthermore stated that corporate strategies are a complex concept as the top managements decisions reflects an impact to the stakeholders who are independent with the company. However, undoubtedly the strategic management decisions covers both the social as well as economic aspects. According to Porter and Kramer (2006), there is a strong correlation between corporation and society. This is due to the fact of direct influence of company’s activities to the communities of their work and the strategic management department executives should have strictly consider the society’s needs and decisions with accordance to their  expectations. Hence, Reliance Company has processed various CSR activities in order to make ease to their decision-making trends towards policies and plans in order to accomplish the organization’s goal. For instance, the Reliance Limited Industries is conducting educational programs, health care services, agricultural development services to give a boost to their status of their company as wells as implement environmental initiatives community program while procuring a clean environment to their working community for the purpose of being safe to provision an ease way for acquitting policies and plans. As a result, the strategic management executives undertake the corporate social responsibilities as an intrinsic factor for the purpose of catering sustainable profits to the stakeholders (BAR, Curitiba, v. 7, n. 3, art. 5, pp. 294-309, July/Sept. 2010). Conclusion: To sum up, virtually the corporate social responsibility concept considers the ethical, social, and environmental aspects of the stakeholders. Relatively, the organizations exploit the corporate social responsibility as maximizing their shareholders profit through satisfying the stakeholders mentioned expectations. Many organizations make the CSR approach as their mainstream trend and apparatus for gaining reputation and catering a better working environment for their employers in order to enhance the quality status of their organization as well as acquitting the organizations prime goal. For instance, Reliance Industries Limited process the environment initiatives, education programs, health care programs, rural development program, etc. at their own working community for enhancing the quality life of the company’s employees and maximizing the shareholders profit. Although, CSR approach owes indispensible positive impacts to the society, the concept has extralegal and negative disparity to the community. As far as the core objective of the organization concerns with maximizing their profits, organizations misuse the CSR approach for their own private interest in terms of power (in case government shrinks the company remains with mass power), cost (in order to recover the CSR projects cost the company rises the their products cost for the consumers), accountability, and etc. Lastly, CSR concept can be observed as the utility apparatus for the stakeholders, owing negative impacts with it. RECOMMENDATION: Since many companies are interlinked with extralegal activities while implementing the CSR activities due to owing immense power after the government in some Asian and African countries and goes to disparity of their trends and code of ethics such as exploiting the child labor method, they are recommended to follow the code of ethics they have established as it might affect to the quality and status of the organization through the media revealer. Furthermore, companies are required to motivate their CSR projects employees via catering training facilities, bonuses, developed salary system in order to enhance their productivity, thus, to reduce their total cost of the CSR project as higher cost for CSR project remains the company with higher prices of the products to the customers. Therefore customer tends to change their preferences to other market. REFERENCES: Benn, Suzanne and Bolton, Dianne (Key concepts in corporate social responsibility, 2011). Broomhill, Ray (Corporate Social Responsibility: Key Issues and Debates, 2007) El Ghoul, Sadok, Guedhami, Omerane, C.Y. Kwok, Chuck, R.Mishra, Dev ( Banking of Journal and Finance, 9th September 2011, p.g. 2388-2406). Volume 35. Lober, Heike (corporate management, corporate social responsibility and customers, 2012). Ril.com (N.D.) Social Responsibility and Community Development (Online). Available from: http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/social_resp_comm_dev.html (access on 29th May 2012). Ril.com (N.D.) Reliance Group (Online). Available from: http://www.ril.com/html/aboutus/aboutus.html (access on 29th May 2012). Scribd.com (N.D.) Importance of CSR to Business (Online). Available from: http://www.scribd.com/doc/3934672/Importance-of-CSR-to-Business (access on 26th May 2012).

Effective Leadership And Successful Leaders

Effective Leadership And Successful Leaders A view of leadership as it pertains to equality in education for all students regardless of gender, race, or socioeconomic status will be reviewed during this 2010 Go Global experience in South Africa. In preparation for this trip, different articles and books were reviewed for insight on management and leadership. Included in these readings were suggestions on how best to lead, as well as direction for handling toxic relationships. Toxic relationships can be defined as those relationships that are shadowed with negativity and tend to be reactive and judgment based in nature. Creating a sense of team building and acceptance were found to be key roles for those in leadership positions. Leaders should have a sense of direction, not misuse their power, and should be able to inspire others. A leader should also be humble in attitude and encourage all team members to brain storm and contribute to the task. Whether leading personally or professionally, in a business or in a school, a leader should recognize the dynamics of the group under their direction and be able to modify accordingly. While great leaders should be flexible, they must retain their convictions and focus toward attaining the goal or vision. It has been through a conviction that great leaders have inspired others to desire and create change. These leaders have intelligently led by example, never condemning anothers beliefs, but instead inspiring in others the desire to change. It is through charisma and intuitiveness that leaders are able to begin movements that create change. Movements for change are not limited to only political greats, they are also found in our own school systems. Assuming the role of the leader in a school must be carefully considered. It should be a role that one assumes with the understanding that they will both directly and indirectly affect, either positively or negatively, many that will follow their lead. Staff and students alike will be affected by the type of leadership roles they have in their school systems, so it must be remembered that school leadership is not limited to the parameters of the school, it affects generations that in turn will affect futures. Life is an echo what you send out comes back. Chinese Proverb There have been many great leaders throughout history, including Nelson Mandela, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, and even Elizabeth Cady Stanton. Each person was seeking to right a perceived injustice during a particular time in our history. Through history we have seen leaders who would initiate ideas that others would continue, some who would make contributions small, yet impactful, and others who would change the course of history. No matter the result, one thing was consistent, all great leaders throughout time possessed similar leadership qualities. Reading Response to Vaclav Havel, former president of the Czech Republicà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Bohemian Rhapsody www.opinionjournal.com/editorial/feature.html?id=110010218 Living Responsibly: Vaclav Havels View www.acton.org/publciations/randl/rl_article_284.ph?/view=print Vaclav Havel, former president of Czechoslovakia, has been compared to Nelson Mandela, being considered a saint in the West. Havel, a playwright who put his career on hold to lead a group against communist totalitarianism, a man who would be imprisoned, and a leader who would later become president, is a man of conviction. Speaking and responding to the global force for freedom and the long struggle between conscience and tyranny, Havel is the author of the essay on the Power of the Powerless which deals with the indifference seen in our Western cultures. It would be suicide for the world -the indifference to the freedom of others ultimately becoming indifference to freedom for ourselves. Vaclav Havel The idea that if we assume apathy for circumstances that do not directly affect us, we will ultimately become indifferent to our own freedoms has much significance. It sends a message that we must work as a community in order to continue to move forward. Leaders play a crucial role in focusing their team. Their qualities must include the ability to persuade a group to work together for a common goal, and dissuade, without insult, those ideas that serve only a selected group. As future leaders, we must recognize that our beliefs should not be subjective, nor are they limited. Our goals should always serve the good of all. The salvation of this human world lies nowhere else than in the human heart. Mr. Havel to the United States Congress Our ability to recognize ourselves as part of a greater good is central to becoming a great leader. Our leadership should have focus, yet be humble. Our ability to see others through ourselves, and lead others as we would like to be lead, creates such a salvation. Leadership must maintain a global view, with the leader part of the view and not the puppeteer of the view. I have read and reviewed leaders that possessed many of the characteristics of great leadership (Adolf Hitler and Charles Manson), but whose leadership qualities were outweighed by their self-centered separation of themselves from the human world. I see that leading with your heart can be subjective, but I do not believe that is what Havel meant. I feel as if he stated that compassion, respect and understanding for all members within a particular dynamic, business, academic or otherwise, will create a stronger vision. A vision shared by many is not limited, but grows exponentially. Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means. Albert Einstein Reading Response to Charles Manson as a charismatic transformational leader Leadership Style No Easy  Choice http://www.smartentrepreneur.net/charismatic-leadership.html Leadership needs enthusiastic involvement, by leaders who are not jaded by personal agendas. Charles Manson, one such charismatic leader, chose to use his gift of leadership for less than honorable reasons. Manson would be defined as a transformational leader using passion and energy to transform an organization. He sensed what his followers perceived they needed and then created a vision to fill that gap. Charismatic leaders create visions that seem to improve ones present circumstance by finding the missing link between what one is getting and what one desires. This type of leader is persistent and even willing to make personal sacrifices to attain the vision which has been set. Unfortunately, a negative charismatic leader manipulates their audience for their own good even seeking out audiences that are emotionally wounded. Ones ability to discern between the honorable and dishonorable leader is just as important as ones ability to lead and be part of a productive team. Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak; courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen Sir Winston Churchill Reading response to Viktor E. Frankl, psychiatrist and Nazi death camp survivorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Mans Search for Meaning, Beacon Press, 2006 Forces beyond your control can take away everything you possess except one thing, your freedom to choose how you will respond to the situation. You cannot control what happens to you in life, but you can always control what you will feel and do about what happens to you. Viktor E. Frankl This book was chosen not necessarily because of Frankls leadership, but because of his responses to the effects of negative leadership during the persecution of Jews at Auschwitz. Frankl shares an honest view of the persecutions that occurred, while sending a message of ones ability to control their responses. He talks about not being one of the most muscled up men and that he was looked upon as one who would not make it (survive) long. Frankl had a choice, find himself condemned before his fight began, or choose to be positive and believe that this persecution would soon end. Leaders must understand, as Frankl had to understand, we have no control of others. It can not be forced upon another my vision for change and growth, it can only be exampled. Leadership is not a series of demands, but commands. It is a cooperative effort in which all parties feel valued and respected. While Adolf Hitler possessed many qualities of the great leadership, he did not possess value and respect for all of mankind. This self-serving type of leadership serves a limited time; it can not be maintained or carried on because there is no collaboration and no shared vision. As a leader, one will really have little to no control of anything except ones own responses. We have the ability to choose our response and through modeling teach this strategy to those among us. If I choose humbleness, invite feedback, and remain positive, my leadership will influence others to do the same. This communication strategy invites all members to take part, or have ownership, in the goals at hand. With members feeling valued and sharing ownership, leaders are able to maximize the strengths of a team. It will be the choice of all members, including the leader, to do this even when there is friction within the group. It is easy to respond negatively to internal and/or external negativity, but that response leaves unmet goals and does not promote growth. Reading response to Nelson Mandela, seeker of a multi-racial democratic society and ex-president of South Africaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Nelson Mandela Long Walk to Freedom: The Autobiography of Nelson Mandela, Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela, 1994 Invictus, (2009) http://www.mandelainstitute.org.za/ If you want to make peace with your enemy, you have to work with your enemy. Then he becomes your partner. Nelson Mandela Nelson Mandela, 1993 Nobel Peace Prize winner, exemplifies a man of true conviction. He articulated a vision and led by example. At a time when Mandela could have been full of anger and revenge, he chose a much different voice, a voice of dedication to an end of racism. In his speech to the court that convicted him, Mandela said Whatever sentence Your Worship sees fit to impose upon me for the crime for which I have been convicted before this court, may it rest assured that when my sentence has been completed I will still be moved, as men are always moved, by their consciences; I will still be moved by my dislike of the race discrimination against my people when I come out from serving my sentence, to take up again, as best I can, the struggle for the removal of those injustices until they are finally abolished once and for all. Mandela, a man of honor, sought for the end of racial discrimination in South Africa, and even through imprisonment maintained his desire to attain this goal . He did not seek race domination; he desired a multi-racial democratic country. Mandela understood the importance of communication and role-modeling in order to attain the desired outcome of his vision and committed himself to a non-violent resistance against the apartheid*, following the role model of Mahatma Gandhi. Apartheid a social policy or racial segregation involving political and economic and legal discrimination against people who are not Whites; the former official policy in South Africa wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn Although Mandela voiced non-violent resistance, he soon saw a need to change the approach. He commented to this change from non-violent resistance at the Rivonia trial when he stated that after long and anxious assessment of the South African situation, I and some colleagues came to the conclusion that as violence in this country was inevitable, it would be wrong and unrealistic for African leaders to continue preaching peace and non-violence at a time when the government met our peaceful demands with force. It was only when all else had failed, when all channels of peaceful protest had been barred to us, that the decision was made to embark on violent forms of political struggle, and to form Umkhonto we Sizwethe Government had left us no other choice. The task of leadership is not to put greatness into humanity, but to elicit it, for the greatness is already there. John Buchan Leaders must be able to maintain a vision when circumstances and the world around them seem to stand in the way. Mandela exhibited this quality unlike no other, no matter how provoked he never answered racism with racism and he stood solid in his dedication to democracy. He recognized the greatness in humanity and strived to help others find it as well. Mandela understood the need to make peace with the enemy. He knew that it was not the person who was the enemy, but the actions of the person that becomes the enemy. In other words, he recognized that the answer for change was in the people themselves. Being a leader is not about what you make others do. Its about who you are, what you know, and what you do. You are a reflection of the people who follow you. An effective leader is not a one-man show or do-it-all-yourself hero. Effective leadership is about recognizing and taking advantage of the skills and talents from different people to form a cohesive unit. All of the great leaders have had one characteristic in common: it was the willingness to confront unequivocally the major anxiety of their people in their time. This, and not much else, is the essence of leadership. John Kenneth Galbraith Mandela recognized that in order to create change that he too must confrontà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [his] anxiety. He knew that he would have to forge a partnership with all of South Africa (black and white alike); he would have to stand for a united country and put in the past his memories of racial discrimination. Mandela would have to learn from his past, modeling himself as a man of acceptance of all men, both black and white. Like many other black South Africans, Mandelas disapproval of government discrimination was shown in many ways. One such non-violent means to show disapproval was to cheer for any team opposing the white Springbok Rugby team. In the movie, Invictus, Mandela, then president, is questioned by the media about his new found support of the Springbok Rugby team. Without waiver, Mandela replies how can I expect others to change if I, myself, am unwilling to do the same. Realizing the need to mediate difference respectfully and setting an example to others of own willingness to change is crucial to dynamic leadership. If we create an environment that invites open and positive communication along with respect, the overall health of an organization or in this particular circumstance for Mandela, a country, will be positively impacted. Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world. Nelson Mandela Mandela was driven not only by his belief in equality for all people politically; he was also an advocate for other non-political issues affecting his country as well. Mandela would address, problem-solve, and advocate for the AIDS epidemic, poverty, and education. Mandela was also instrumental in having South Africa house the 2010 Soccer World Cup. http://www.mandelainstitute.org.za/about/mandate_and_vision/ University of the Western Cape meeting with staff and students (oral interviews) Mandela, an educated man himself, saw education as a tool in the fight against the apartheid. When South Africa won its fight and Mandela became President, he remained focused on the benefits of quality education for all children in South Africa. He would continue to strive for quality education even after his presidency. In 2007, the Nelson Mandela Institute (a partnership between the Nelson Mandela Foundation, the Department of Education, and the University of Fort Hair) would be founded to continue his work in education. There can be no contentment for any of us when there are children, millions of children, who do not receive an education that provides them with dignity and honor and allows them to live their lives to the full. Nelson Mandela, 2006 A man among men, Mandela believes that in order to create a sustainable future South Africa must invest in the education of the countrys youth. The statistics for children of poverty who matriculate is devastatingly low. The education system had not been meeting the needs of the majority of children in the nation (the poor black child). Matriculation (graduation) of the rural working-class has been as low as 1% with a child needing to score well on this exit exam in order to enroll in a university. Of those who do manage to matriculate, they still struggle to read and write at a level of success for the university because of inadequate academic preparation. To change these statistics and recreate an educational system that can provide education success for all children, resources in addition to a focused and strong leadership are a must. Mandela advocates change in education, and brings others together to share the same vision. The Nelson Mandela Institute mandates to work globally t o achieve Mr. Mandelas visions for education and rural development and is inspired by a common future shaped by the minds and creativity of all children. It is not beyond our power to create a world in which all children have access to quality education.   Those who do not believe this have small imaginations. Nelson Mandela, 07 http://www.ncrel.org/policy/pubs/html/leadersh/goodschl.htm http://www.newhorizons.org/trans/gardner.htm Whether the leader of a country like Nelson Mandela or the leader of a school system, one must be able to communicate the vision of the organization. School systems, like countries, need dynamic leadership by individuals that realize the potential of the young people following their guide. School leaders have a responsibility to their public; they should both influence and inspire the students and the staff. They should act less like a boss making commands and more like an artist creating unbounded imaginations. They must be able to develop a clear sense of purpose as it is important for people to see where they are going. In addition to direction, effective school leaders should elicit from their staff and students both trust and respect. It is important to remember that both trust and respect are earned by the leader through their actions and are not a guarantee. The task of the leader is to get his people from where they are to where they have not been. Henry Kissinger http://www.bgsu.edu/departments/acs/1890s/plessy/plessy.html http://brownvboard.org/summary/ American schools, not unlike the South African schools, have seen many struggles. It has been because of dynamic people (principals, teachers, and students) that our systems have evolved to where they are. Like South Africa, racial discrimination is not a stranger to the American school systems. It was the voice and dedication of a few that allowed our school systems to change and grow. A little over sixty years ago the states overturned Plessy v. Ferguson. Plessy v. Ferguson was an 1896 Supreme Court ruling most remembered as the separate but equal ruling. It was a decision that served as justification for racial discrimination until Oliver Brown and others brought complaint against the school systems. In Topeka, Kansas Linda Brown, an African-American student, lived right across from a school, but because of the color of her skin could not attend this white school. Under the counsel of Thurgood Marshall this discriminatory practices were being challenged. The ruling in Brown v. Board of Education not only affected the educational system, it ended legal racial discrimination. Discriminatory practices can damage the good of the whole, but strong leadership can build bridges and fill gaps. Good schools, like good societies and good families, celebrate and cherish diversity. Deborah Meier School leaders create exponential change simply by caring for people and giving them a chance to succeed. When inspiring the minds of children in a school setting it can be thought that success is never final. Our behavior and our beliefs are carried on through the minds and actions of many. That is a great responsibility knowing that as an academic leader we can affect so greatly, so many. This undertaking has to be done with openness of ones mind and willingness to celebrate others successes and not our own. Imagine yourself as the principal of one of those white schools when the Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education. Imagine the strength and character needed to moderate such a change. During world change, it takes great character to evaluate how your personal ideals fit into the role that you must serve. Leading is not limited to times of progression when everyone is inviting openly whatever circumstances may be needed for the change. The test of a great leader comes during times like that 1954 ruling when faced with legal obligation and social conflict. An academic leader must be able to separate oneself from who they are right now and look into the future to where they have dedicated themselves to lead others. A leader must be willing to deal with conflict head on, not with aggression, but with insight and intuitiveness. All leaders, especially academic leaders, must always err on the side of action. They must not just clean up a mistake, they must problem solve and elimi nate it. It is especially important that a school leader view problems as an opportunity for growth. Not all visions will be met without conflict, and if we perceive as an opportunity to grow, then we maximize the effects of our leadership. The mediocre teacher tells. The good teacher explains. The superior teacher demonstrates. The great teacher inspires. William Arthur School leadership is not limited to only those in administration, teachers play a huge role in influencing and changing lives. A teachers full charge is to enable students to become independent citizens of society. It is more than math or english, it is one of the most influential roles in our communities. Teachers not only provide academic knowledge, in combination with administration and the community, they provide clean, safe and healthy environments for the students to learn. All school leaders, administration and teachers, must possess and be proficient in instructional leadership, management, community building, and communication. http://cecp.air.org/download/MCMonographFINAL.pdf He writes, A leader is an individual (or, rarely, a set of individuals) who significantly affects the thoughts, feelings, and/or behaviors of a significant number of individuals. Most acknowledged leaders are direct. They address their public face-to-face. But I have called attention to an unrecognized phenomenon: indirect leadership. In this variety of leading, individuals exert impact through the works that they create. Whether direct or indirect, leaders fashion stories: principally stories of identity. It is important that a leader be a good storyteller, but equally crucial that the leader embody that story in his or her life. When a leader tells stories to experts, the stories can be quite sophisticated; but when the leader is dealing with a diverse, heterogeneous group, the story must be sufficiently elemental to be understood by the untutored, or unschooled, mind. Daily Journal of Observations of team members, and leadership roles within these dynamics. Sunday, 11, Julyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Meeting at the airport getting ready to depart for a two week trip away from family and not knowing anyone you are traveling with can heighten anxiety in even the best of travelers. GoGlobal trips allow many observations of group members, but it also allows one to observe the practices and strategies of the school sponsors in their real-life leadership role. As I am waiting at the airport, as I always do, I spend a great deal of time looking at not what is being said, but at all the non-verbal communication that is also being seen. Understanding a little of those I will be traveling with is very important. My opinion through my various experiences and readings is that there is a high correlation between a leaders intuitiveness and their effectiveness. While not asked, I would assume that there would be a degree of this used when interviewing the prospects of such trips.